Atrovent Hfa Medical Drug

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Description

Variants

There are several different types of inhalers. The most common is the pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI). In MDIs, medication is most commonly stored in solution in a pressurized canister that contains a propellant, although it may also be a suspension.[1] The MDI canister is attached to a plastic, hand-operated actuator. On activation, the metered-dose inhaler releases a fixed dose of medication in aerosol form. The correct procedure for using an MDI is to first fully exhale, place the mouth-piece end of the pump into the mouth, and having just started to inhale at a moderate rate, depress the canister to release the medicine. The aerosolized medication is drawn into the lungs by continuing to inhale deeply before holding the breath for 10 seconds to allow the aerosol to settle onto the walls of the bronchial and other airways of the lung.

Besides the MDI, other types of inhalers include dry powder inhalers (DPIs), which release a dose of medicine as a powder aerosol that is inhaled by the patient, and nebulizers, which instead supply the aerosol as a mist created from an aqueous formulation.

The largest manufacturers of inhalers are GlaxoSmithKline (makers of the Advair Discus (a DPI)), Merck, AstraZeneca (makers of Pulmicort and Symbicort) and Boehringer-Ingelheim (makers of Atrovent, Combivent, and Spiriva). BI, GSK, Merck, and AstraZeneca manufacture the medication being delivered via inhaler. However, 3M Drug Delivery Systems does some of the finished product manufacturing, as they are one of the leaders of MDI canisters, metering valves and other components.

Recently, the FDA banned the use of inhalers that utilize CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) as propellants for the more the enviromentally friendly HFA inhalers. Many Asthma suffers and advocacy groups contend that these enviromentally friendly inhalers are not as effective.[2] Patients also are concerned with the high price of the HFA inhalers as there is no generic version, which was available in the CFC inhalers for many years.[2] The overall damaging effects of CFC inhalers on the ozone layer, which advocacy groups representing drug companies contend they are protecting, is extremely small.

Delivery

* Metered-dose inhaler or MDI
* Dry Powder Inhaler or DPI
* Nebulizer

Categories

* Rescue Inhalers: Short-Acting Beta-2 Adrenergic Bronchodilator Inhalers
* Maintenance Inhalers: Long-Acting Adrenergic Bronchodilator Inhalers
* Maintenance Inhalers: Anticholinergic Bronchodilators in COPD
* Maintenance Inhalers: Corticosteroids
* Combination Inhalers: Corticosteroid with LongActing Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
* Combination Maintenance Inhaler: Anticholinergics with Short- Acting Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists[3]


References

* Patton, J., Breathing life into protein drugs - Inhalation of therapeutic macromolecules is a feasible, natural, more people-friendly, delivery system. Nature Biotechnology, 1998. 16(2): p. 141-143.

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